June 25th is the 33rd National Land Day. The theme of this year’s Land Day is "saving intensive land and strictly observing the red line of cultivated land".
Land is an important material basis for human survival and development, and an important guarantee for supporting high-quality development and realizing Chinese modernization.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has stood at the strategic height of the Chinese nation’s sustainable development, adhered to strategic thinking, systematic thinking and bottom line thinking, delivered a series of important speeches, made a series of important instructions and deployed a series of major strategic measures to promote the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
In the past 10 years, China has achieved a decrease of 38.61% in the use area of construction land per unit of GDP, and a total of more than 5.3 million hectares have been treated and restored in the protection and restoration of grass and sand systems in mountains, rivers, fields and lakes, and the quality and stability of ecosystems have been continuously improved; Achieved the goal of 1.865 billion mu of cultivated land in 2020 … … Historic achievements and changes have taken place in the protection, conservation and intensive utilization of natural resources.
On the new journey, the natural resources system keeps in mind its duty and mission, makes joint efforts with various regions and departments to coordinate development and security, strictly adheres to the bottom line of resource security, optimizes the spatial pattern of land, promotes green and low-carbon development, safeguards the rights and interests of resources and assets, and provides more solid resource support for Chinese modernization.
Keep in mind that "the country is the biggest", resolutely curb the "non-agricultural" of cultivated land and the "non-grain" of basic farmland, and firmly hold the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land.
In midsummer, everything is beautiful, vast fields are full of vitality.
The fields in Beizhuang Village, Luoyi, Datong Town, Wu ‘an City, Hebei Province are busy. "Building a reservoir, repairing a tractor-ploughing road, and after land consolidation, the abandoned land that is looking forward to heaven has become a high-yield field." Villager Meng Xiangshan said that he can plant two seasons a year after reclamation, and he is ready to expand the circulation area and plant more grain.
Food security, "the country’s greatest." Grain production is rooted in cultivated land.
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "cultivated land is the most precious resource in China", "the protection of cultivated land should be done like the protection of cultural relics, even like the protection of giant pandas" and "1.8 billion mu of cultivated land must be deserved, and farmland is farmland, and it must be fertile land" … …
There are many people and few land, and the basic national conditions. Through hard work, China has raised nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with 9% of the world’s arable land. From 400 million people did not have enough to more than 1.4 billion people today, it has effectively answered the question "Who will feed China?"
However, the task of farmland protection is arduous. The results of the third national land survey show that at the end of 2019, China’s cultivated land area was 1.918 billion mu, and the per capita cultivated land area was only 1.36 mu, which was less than 40% of the world average. At the same time, the spatial distribution of cultivated land resources is uneven, and more than half of cultivated land still depends on the sky.
"We must protect the cultivated land, which is a major event that affects more than one billion people, and there must be no mistakes." "The red line includes both quantity and quality." The earnest exhortation of the Supreme Leader General Secretary turned into resolute action to protect cultivated land.
— — Stabilize the quantity and firmly hold the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land.
Outline of National Land Spatial Planning (2021— In 2035), it is clear that the national farmland protection task target is 1.865 billion mu, which will remain unchanged until 2035. To ensure that the amount of cultivated land cannot be reduced, a series of measures are unprecedented.
The legal system is stricter. The land management law and the implementation regulations of the land management law have been revised and promulgated, the black land protection law has been formally implemented, and the draft farmland protection law is being drafted.
Policy supervision is stricter. The party and government of cultivated land protection share the same responsibility and pursue the responsibility for life, jointly sign the responsibility book of cultivated land protection, conduct annual assessment according to the requirements of the central government, and break through the one-vote veto of the red line of cultivated land. Strictly control the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation. Since 2018, the Ministry of Natural Resources has continuously organized the verification of supplementary cultivated land, involving 176,000 supplementary cultivated land projects, accounting for 5.6% of the problem projects; Strict law enforcement inspectors, since 2018, a total of 324,200 cases of land violations have been filed nationwide, involving a land area of 419,200 hectares, with fines of 114.557 billion yuan, and 10,613 responsible persons have been punished by party discipline and government affairs. The Ministry of Natural Resources has listed and supervised the illegal and illegal problems such as fraud and false reporting in the law enforcement work of land satellite films in 8 counties (districts) in Hebei, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Liaoning and Shandong provinces, and urged the rectification and implementation; Publicly notified 729 typical cases such as land violations. For five consecutive years, the national natural resources supervision agency has carried out supervision and inspection on provincial governments around the outstanding problems of cultivated land protection. In view of the problems found, the Inspector’s Opinion is issued to the provincial government every year, and the outstanding problems such as "big shed houses", new rural indiscriminate occupation of cultivated land to build houses, encroachment on cultivated land to dig lakes for landscaping, false supplementary cultivated land and ecological damage are supervised and rectified within a time limit. Publicly informed the society of 236 typical problems of land violations, interviewed 145 city and county government leaders with serious land violations, and adopted hard measures of "long teeth".Urge local governments to strictly rectify.
Hold the red line of cultivated land, and the change is real. In Xishuimowan Village, Fudao Town, tangyin county City, Anyang City, Henan Province, such a jingle is popular, "With the ground under your feet, you can have food. Where we can build houses, we need to grow grain. I have a picture in my hand and I have opinions in my heart. " Wang Suqing, secretary of the village party branch, said, "Now everyone’s consciousness is high, and the cultivated land in the village has achieved zero reduction."
Looking at the whole country, the situation of sustained and rapid reduction of cultivated land has been initially curbed. Since 2021, the total cultivated land in China has achieved a net growth for two consecutive years.
— — Control the use and ensure that farmland is farmland.
Yongfeng Village, Taihe Town, Dongpo District, Meishan City, Sichuan Province, has 6320 mu of cultivated land and lush greenery. Li Xueping, secretary of the village Party Committee, has a new title — — "Tian Chang". "There are 12 grid workers and ‘ Eye of the Sky ’ We are all guardians of the rice bowl field. " Li Xueping pointed to Tanabe’s camera and said.
Relying on 10 Meishan "Tianfu Constellation" satellites, the whole city of Meishan has achieved full monitoring coverage of cultivated land. On the big screen of the field office in Meishan city, the information such as the quantity, location and field length of cultivated land can be seen at a glance.
Strict use control and perfect system are the key. "Civil air defense+technical defense", woven dense use control network. By the end of 2022, Tian Chang system had taken root in 26 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). Sichuan Province has established a five-level farmland protection responsibility system of "Tian Chang+Grid Member" at the provincial, city, county, township and village levels and a grid supervision mechanism for farmland protection.
"For ‘ Three national tones ’ Reflected the problem of cultivated land loss caused by the conversion of cultivated land to other agricultural land, and established cultivated land ‘ Balance in and out ’ System. " The main person in charge of the Ministry of Natural Resources said that it is necessary to curb the "non-agricultural" of cultivated land and the "non-grain" of basic farmland, and control the occupation of cultivated land by non-agricultural construction, agricultural structure adjustment and land greening from the source. If it is really necessary to occupy it, the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation and the balance of import and export should be implemented according to regulations.
— — Improve quality and ensure that farmland must be fertile.
Cultivated land is weak and fragmented, and farmland infrastructure cannot be matched, so it is difficult to carry out moderate scale operation, and the constraints to promote agricultural modernization need to be solved urgently.
Preserve fertile soil and build fertile fields. In Anren, Hunan, the cultivated land occupied by construction will be stripped and reused. Up to now, the county has implemented eight stripping projects of cultivated land, and the stripped cultivated land has been used to increase more than 800 mu of cultivated land, and the quality of cultivated land has improved by 2% compared with that before reuse.
"Oda" became "Daejeon". Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, launched the pilot project of "100 million" contiguous remediation, and strived to build a "100-acre square, 1,000-acre square and 10,000-acre square" with more than 300,000 acres of concentrated contiguous, fertile soil, supporting facilities, suitable scale planting and modern agricultural development in three to five years.
Protecting black land and harnessing saline-alkali land, today’s cultivated land is tomorrow’s rice bowl. Coordinate development and safety, give consideration to quantity and quality, strengthen soil improvement, fertility improvement and remediation of cultivated land, carry out comprehensive management and upgrading, aim at shortcomings and weaknesses, and consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions, so that 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land can be deserved, and every inch of cultivated land can become fertile ground for harvest.
Save intensive land, continuously improve land use efficiency, and lay a solid foundation for high-quality development.
Industrialization and urbanization need land, and agricultural modernization should ensure the quantity and quality of land. In the new era of ecological civilization, achieving high-quality development and saving resources are the fundamental policies.
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out, "We have a lot of land, but compared with the demand of 1.4 billion people, it is a scarce resource! To build cities, engage in industry and protect the ecology, we must use land carefully. We can’t expand the construction land without restraint. Not every town has to grow into a giant. The development and utilization of resources should not only support contemporary people to live a happy life, but also leave a foundation for future generations.
— — Saving and intensive, planning first.
In Qiucheng Town, Qiu County, Hebei Province, the village planning of Qianduanzhai, Zhongduanzhai and Houduanzhai won praise from the villagers. "The preparation of village planning should not only improve the living environment, but also find ways to improve the villagers’ economic income and enrich their spiritual life." Chen Pu, a resident planner, said that after the completion of the planning, 10.8 mu of construction land was vacated through door-to-door visits, questionnaires and field surveys.
"Planning saving is the biggest saving, strengthen planning guidance and use control, and optimize the pattern of land space development and protection." Zhang Bing, director of the Land and Space Planning Bureau of the Ministry of Natural Resources, said that at present, the land and space pattern of China’s urban and rural planning has basically taken shape, and the approval of the overall land and space planning at all levels of provinces, cities and counties is being fully promoted.
"Strengthen the source control of planning, integrate the principle of resource conservation and intensive into the preparation, examination and approval, implementation and supervision of national spatial planning, optimize functional spaces such as agriculture, ecology and towns, and improve the utilization efficiency of national spatial resources." Yan Jinming, Dean of School of Public Administration, Renmin University of China, said.
— — Economical and intensive, mechanism guarantee.
In Tianning District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, three industrial parks, namely, automobile intelligent parts, Changzhou communication technology and Wandu smart logistics, have promoted the construction of multi-storey factories. "The total land area of the three pilot projects is 618 mu, and the building functions are mixed vertically, saving land by about 10%." Zhang Kaiqi, head of Tianning District, said.
Every inch of land makes every inch of gold. "Behind the land intensification, the quality of development is improving." Zhang Guoliang, director of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Natural Resources, said that at the end of 2022, the average GDP of construction land in Jiangsu Province reached 334,000 yuan/mu, and the area of construction land per unit GDP decreased by 11% compared with 2020. In the future, we will continue to promote resource conservation and intensive utilization, and realize more high-quality development increments with less resource consumption.
From a nationwide perspective, insisting on land elements following the project and implementing the "increase-deposit-linked" mechanism linked to incremental arrangement and stock revitalization forced all localities to revitalize the stock of construction land and achieved remarkable results. Since its implementation in 2018, the country has digested more than 22 million mu of "approved but not supplied" and idle land.
Use the word "change" wisely. Three-dimensional breeding, multi-storey standard factory buildings, frame wind towers, all-buried water purification plants, etc. have been built, and land development has changed from "two-dimensional" to "three-dimensional". Many cities have built three-dimensional "coordinate axes" to coordinate the development of above-ground and underground space, from "square" to "cubic".
2013— During 2022, the use area of construction land per unit GDP decreased by 38.61%, and the economic density of land increased significantly. Liu Mingsong, director of the Department of Natural Resources Development and Utilization of the Ministry of Natural Resources, said that in the coming period, we will continue to strictly control the total amount and intensity of land use, optimize the land use structure to "make room", strictly control "save space", comprehensively develop "expand space" in a three-dimensional way, and promote the land-saving technology model to "create space". Since 2019, the Ministry of Natural Resources has successively introduced 46 land-saving technologies and land-saving models in three batches.
— — Economical and intensive, reform and innovation.
This year, Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province was awarded the first batch of demonstration counties (cities) for saving and intensive natural resources in China. Long Da mining, office and dormitory building in Chongyi county are in full swing.
"Implement ‘ to imported enterprises by excavating the existing land and revitalizing the collective idle land in the village; Point land supply ’ While solving the problem of rural industrial land use, it has realized the refined and intensive use of rural land. " Huang Xiaoqin, Party Secretary of Fengzhou Township, Chongyi County, introduced.
Tang Changlu, director of the Natural Resources Bureau of Chongyi County, said that through reform and innovation, problems such as unbalanced and uncoordinated land use will be resolved, the stock will be revitalized and the increment will be used well. In accordance with the life cycle management mechanism, we will continuously improve the level of economical, intensive, high-quality and efficient land use.
From planning guidance to market allocation, from framing the total amount to revitalizing the stock, from evaluation incentives to demonstration guidance, the measures to save intensive land use are becoming more and more elaborate; We will continue to enhance the ability to support natural resource elements, continuously reform the land use planning and management methods, optimize the layout and structure of urban and rural construction land, and continuously improve the efficiency of land use. The trend of sustained high net growth of China’s total construction land has slowed down.
During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the scale of new construction land in China will be controlled at 29.5 million mu, which is about 3 million mu less than that during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period. The use area of construction land per unit GDP is about 15% lower than that in 2020.
Starting from the integrity of the ecosystem, we should strive to build a harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
China, whose per capita natural resources are less than the average level of the world, has gone through the process of industrialization that western countries took hundreds of years to complete in just a few decades, and the ecological and environmental problems are also concentrated in the rapid development.
The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that "economic development cannot exhaust resources and ecological environment, and ecological environment protection is not to abandon economic development and seek fish from trees", "the lifeblood of human beings lies in fields, the lifeblood of fields lies in water, the lifeblood of water lies in mountains, the lifeblood of mountains lies in soil, and the lifeblood of soil lies in forests and grass" and "adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of landscapes, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand".
Facing the development issues directly, China will protect in development and develop in protection in the new era, and strive to build a harmonious and symbiotic modernization between man and nature.
"Field" is the key element in the integrated protection and systematic management of landscape, forest, field, lake, grass and sand.
Make the "field" healthier and continuously improve the quality and stability of the ecosystem.
At the end of 2022, "China Landscape Project" was selected as one of the first ten flagship projects of world ecological restoration by the United Nations. The award speech was short and powerful: "‘ China Landscape Engineering ’ Treat all ecosystems as ‘ Community of life ’ Through unremitting efforts, millions of hectares of land in China have been restored. "
The integrated protection and restoration project of landscape, forest, field, lake, grass and sand in Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River in Hubei Province and Honghu Basin was included in the second batch of landscape projects in the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan".
Shishou, Hubei, is adjacent to the Yangtze River, the starting point of Jingjiang River in the west and Honghu River Basin in the east. The ecological health of farmland here is related to the water environmental health and water ecological security of the Yangtze River.
The seedlings are green, frogs croak, and ducklings play in the rice fields. Shishou city rural green production base, a multi-purpose water, a field of three harvest. "Duck, frog and rice are planted together, the quality of rice is good, and the biodiversity of farmland is also improved." Sun Xianhai, a senior agronomist at Shishou Agricultural Technology Extension Center, said.
With the development of production, affluent life and good ecology, landscape projects have been implemented, and a modern version of Fuchun Shan Jutu has come into view. Since 2016, China has successively implemented 44 integrated protection and restoration projects of mountains, rivers, fields, lakes, grass and sand. According to the plan, from 2021 to 2025, the central government will continue to allocate no less than 50 billion yuan to support the implementation of at least 25 new landscape projects.
Chloe Wang, deputy director of the Department of Land, Space and Ecological Restoration of the Ministry of Natural Resources, said that starting from the relevance and integrity of the ecosystem, the protection and restoration of the farmland ecosystem should be implemented with the idea of systematic governance, so as to create a farmland ecosystem with a combination of planting and breeding, ecological cycle and reasonable layout, and explore the path for promoting the integrated protection and restoration of agricultural space.
Make "Tian" more beautiful and lay a solid foundation for promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.
Tianfu Village, xincheng town, Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, has concentrated farmland and excellent ecological environment. "Thanks to ‘ Ten million projects ’ A good foundation has been laid, and the comprehensive improvement of the whole land has added new kinetic energy to rural revitalization. " Weng Songgang, secretary of the Party Committee of xincheng town, said.
The newly-increased irrigation and drainage area is 1,320 mu, the newly-built irrigation and drainage channels are 95.31 kilometers, the newly-built (renovated) road ecological project is 34.2 kilometers, the newly-built tourist trails are 5 kilometers, and there are 6 landscape nodes. The comprehensive improvement of the whole land has made Tianfu Village more beautiful and attracted many "farmers" to stay with their bags. After the renovation, the fertile fields create conditions for efficient management, and the primary, secondary and tertiary industries are integrated. The "good farmland scenery" brings "good Qian Jing", and the total output value of the whole rice industry chain in the town exceeds 2 billion yuan.
All-factor rectification and all-chain development … … In recent years, the comprehensive improvement of land in the whole region has achieved outstanding results in several pilot areas across the country, which is vigorously promoting the formation of a new pattern of regional land protection and utilization. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Natural Resources said that in 2023, it will continue to promote the pilot project of comprehensive land improvement in the whole region, and provide systematic support for the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside through projects such as agricultural land consolidation, construction land consolidation, rural ecological protection and restoration, rural historical and cultural protection and landscape improvement.
Under the guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, the life community with beautiful scenery, lush forests and fertile fields, beautiful lakes and green grass is becoming more and more vibrant, and the road of civilized development with developed production, affluent life and good ecology is getting wider and wider.
