标签归档 上海狼盟

　　CCTV News:As the "crown jewel" of modern industry, aero-engine has always been a "heart disease" of China aviation industry. With the establishment of China’s 12th military enterprise in Beijing, Chinese people have high hopes for this aero-engine enterprise, hoping that it can achieve the same achievements as "two bombs and one satellite".

　　Yesterday, the four-day air force aviation opening activity came to an end, and more than 20 military aircraft in the 34-type domestic weapons and equipment attracted national attention.

△ On September 2, 2016, the 2016 Changchun Aviation Open Day was held in the rain, in which a variety of air force active equipment such as H-6K, JL10, JL9 and Air Police 500 were unveiled.

　　At the same time, it also brings people cold thinking: what is the current localization ratio of the big country air force, which has a huge demand for aero-engine industry, and what level has it reached? How far are we from the aero-engine power?

　　Guogui Wu Decryption: Localization has gone through the process of introduction, imitation, improvement and innovation.

　　Guogui Wu, a 57-year-old special pilot of the Air Force, holds the rank of senior colonel. He used to be the captain of the Air Force Bayi Air Show Team and the deputy division commander of an Air Force Aviation Division, with 30 years of flying experience. As an old pilot with actual combat experience, and now a professor in the post-installation teaching and research department of National Defense University, he has unique insights in studying military high-tech, air force weapons and equipment, and equipment safety management.

　　At present, what kind of level is the localization ratio and performance of aero-engines in China? Guogui Wu said in an interview that China has established an independent aero-engine industrial system in the process of industrialization, and the performance of imitation engines reached a very high level in the 1960s and 1970s.Among the main combat aircraft, domestic engines have accounted for about 90%.

　　The so-called localization here refers to the process of introduction, imitation, improvement and innovation.Due to China’s weak industrial base, in order to meet the strong military demand for aero-engines, the Soviet Union’s aid and imported production methods were adopted. On the basis of the introduction and digestion of Soviet engine production technology, the model was improved, and the scale and serialization of domestic production were gradually realized, which basically met the needs of China’s air, land and sea aviation forces.

　　In the 1960s and 1970s, the overall performance of aero-engines produced in China was not much different from the mainstream level in the world at that time. The fundamental difference was that the domestic engines were mainly imitations and modifications, and there was no engine that was completely independently developed and produced.

　　"Not only do we have no independent intellectual property rights, but we also have no core technology." Guogui Wu said, therefore, in the 1980s and 1990s, when the aviation technology of the United States, Europe and Russia developed rapidly, and the third generation fighters were generally equipped with a new generation of turbofan engines, China was still "playing around" in the improvement of turbojet engines, hesitating on the road of introducing imitation and independent innovation, and the gap between China and the world’s advanced level was not large. Not only does the new generation of fighters lack the drive of advanced engines, but the engines in service also have some quality and safety hazards, which are called "heart disease" by Chinese people.

　　Only a few third-generation aircraft of the main fighter are equipped with imported engines.

　　△FWS10 aero-engine is an advanced aero-turbofan engine designed and manufactured by China. It is installed on the domestic J -11 aircraft and can also be installed on the J -10 aircraft after modification. Now it has been mass-produced. It has become an ideal device for the third generation fighter in China.

　　After 60 years of development, China has fighter planes, bombers, attack planes, transport planes and trainers.Systematize the aircraft production capacity of many types of aircraft. In line with this, a relatively complete engine development and production system has been established, which has the series development and production capacity of turboprop, turbojet, turbofan and turboshaft engines. Domestic engines are mainly assembled on fighter planes, fighter planes, bombers, fighter bombers and other main battle planes, and only a few third-generation fighters are equipped with imported engines.

　　For example, domestic fighters such as J -5, J -6, J -7 and J -8 are adapted to corresponding domestic engines such as turbojet -5, turbojet -6 and turbojet -7. With the improvement of stability, safety and reliability of Taihang engine, it has been widely installed on three generations of fighters, such as J -11, J -15 and J -16.

　　In terms of bombers, H -5 and H -6 realized the localization of engines. The turboprop engines used in Yun -7 and Yun -8 transport planes are all made in China.

　　With the maturity of integral technologies such as Zhi -9, Zhi -8 and Zhi -10, the serial development of turboshaft -8, turboshaft -6 and turboshaft -16 engines has been realized on the basis of introduction, which provides a reliable power source for the rapidly expanding domestic helicopter fleet in China.

　　At present, China’s aviation industry is in a stage from big to strong, from following up to catching up to developing on a par or even surpassing corners. Whether it is a new generation of military aircraft such as fighters, bombers, transport planes and drones, or large passenger planes and all kinds of general-purpose aircraft, there is an urgent need for strong and reliable driving of advanced engines. The sound and rapid development of aero-engines has become the proper meaning of the "Chinese Dream".

　　Guogui Wu said frankly that the country has clearly regarded the engine as a major scientific and technological project in the medium and long-term scientific and technological development plan, and has made up its mind to concentrate manpower, material resources and financial resources to independently research and develop a series of new engines. Domestic aero-engines have entered an unprecedented fast lane of development. In this context, the establishment of China Aviation Engine Group can be said to have a long way to go.

　　Development history of aero-engines in China

　　Stage 1: imitation and improvement

　　In 1950s, China aero-engine industry started from scratch and went through a road full of thorns. In 1956, China’s first turbojet -5 engine was successfully copied in Shenyang, and for a long time thereafter, China aero-engines were mainly copied and improved.

　　Even if it is copied, it is not easy. Even if there is no operation manual, it is difficult to disassemble the aero-engine correctly. For example, there are many small holes on the leaves of several square meters and centimeters, and the location of the small holes is very particular, which is determined according to the recorded trend.

　　Until 2002, when the domestic turbojet -14 "Kunlun" engine was finalized, China completed the whole process of self-development for the first time, and became the fifth aero-engine producer after the United States, Russia, Britain and France.

　　Stage 2: successful localization by purchasing patents.

　　The engine used in the flying leopard fighter is made in China and is called "Qinling", which is alsoIt is the first engine product in China that has been patented and successfully localized.

　　From introduction to localization, it has experienced 30 years of industrial upgrading. In 1972, China contacted Britain to discuss the introduction of the civil turbofan engine from rolls royce. In 1974, during the negotiation, to our surprise, China directly obtained the patent of Spey military engine, which was a top product at that time.

　　However, despite the patent, China’s new industrial materials and other technologies were too backward at that time. It was not until 2013 that this road of localization was completed, and it was equipped on the J-H -7 Flying Leopard fighter, and Flying Leopard became the only main fighter in China that completely got rid of its dependence on imported engines.

　　Stage 3: Own independent intellectual property rights.

　　In December 2005, turbofan -10, also known as "Taihang" engine, was successfully developed and became my engine.China’s first high-performance turbofan engine with independent intellectual property rights.

　　The road to research and development of Taihang engine is also quite difficult. During the test flight, more than 200 technical problems and failures occurred successively. After hard work, the "Taihang" engine was finally equipped on the J -15 fighter and successfully made its first flight in 2012. On a group of J -20 equipment exposed at the beginning of this year, some military fans found that a J -20 was also equipped with an improved Taihang engine. Some military experts said that the "Taihang" engine can be directly equipped on the fourth generation fighter, which laid a good foundation for continuing to develop more advanced, mature and reliable engines in the future.

　　[car home Information] Recently, it was revealed at the relevant meeting of Warrior Automotive Technology Company that the first model M18-2 of Warrior will be put on the market in 2023, and the new car is expected to be named Warrior 917. The new car is based on the M TECH Warrior Intelligent Off-road Architecture, which adopts the domain-controlled centralized electronic and electrical architecture supporting technologies such as 5G communication and Gigabit Ethernet, and the most comprehensive electronically controlled intelligent chassis system. It is reported that the price of Warrior SUV, which focuses on the luxury pure electric off-road market, is expected to be more than 700,000 yuan.

　　In terms of appearance, the new car has sharp edges and corners, adopts trapezoidal mid-net design and internal wave shape, and the headlights adopt X-shaped cross daytime running lights. The design of the whole bumper has been renewed, which is more in line with the design of the production car. Judging from the various probes and other equipment on the front window, it is expected that the new car may be equipped with relevant driver assistance systems. Previously, the press conference said that the new car will have L3 intelligent driver assistance system.

　　At the rear of the vehicle, the cross taillights are retained, and the size of the rear window is not small. The rear end adopts a "small schoolbag" type external spare tire, and the rear tailgate adopts a side-opening design. The rear bumper has also been optimized, adopting the design of a production car. At the rear of the car, we saw the logo of Warrior 917, which was suspected to be the name of a new car.

　　In terms of interior, the overall interior of the new car is still the design style of a hard-core SUV, which is as sharp as the appearance, and has the design characteristics of American cars. The new car adopts a floating dashboard and a central control panel, and at the same time, there is a streaming rearview mirror. The overall configuration will look quite luxurious.

　　In terms of power, it is expected that the production version will continue the power reserve of the concept car. The whole car is equipped with four motors, with a power output of 1000 horsepower and an acceleration of 4.2 seconds at 0-100km/h, which makes off-road scenes such as climbing and sand washing have stronger lasting power. (Text/car home Qin Chao)

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"Car Public Opinion" Issue 23

Author Miao Jian Research Institute

May is an important period for the automobile market. Many new cars exhibited at the Shanghai Auto Show began to appear on the market one after another. Joint-venture brands and independent brands are competing to launch brand-new, mid-term and annual models, bringing more choices to consumers. This also makes the domestic auto market more exciting and interesting.

According to the statistics of Miaojian Information Public Opinion Monitoring Platform, in the TOP10 public opinion hot list of new cars listed in May, domestic brands dominated, and among the new cars listed, fuel/plug-in models accounted for over 60%.

40% of the new models were launched in this month’s list, mainly medium and large SUVs. Among them, the price is divided into multiple grades, the highest is 389,800 yuan (Chuanqi E9) and the lowest is 79,800 yuan (Baojun Yueye).

In the list, the old best-selling models Accord and LaCrosse are all replacement models. Small and medium-term models are all plug-in models except Seal, which is pure electric.

01

List of new cars on the market: the new Haval Xiaolong won the No.1 new car communication in May, and BYD dominated the list of three models.

Haval Xiaolong (brand new) is the model with the highest heat index this month. On May 15th, the launch conference of Haval brand new energy night and Haval Xiaolong series was successfully held in Beijing, officially releasing the brand new energy strategy of Haval brand and launching a brand new energy product-Haval Xiaolong series, with the starting price of new cars ranging from 139,800 to 179,800 yuan.

Nearly 6.5% of Haval Xiaolong’s sound volume is generated at the client. Know the car emperor, today’s headlines and Sina Weibo are the main communication channels, among which Weibo has 91,000 interactive voices, which is the second highest interactive car in this month’s list. "Intelligent four-wheel drive" and "travel audio-visual room" are the main communication points of Haval Xiaolong.

There were many hot spots in the launch of Haval Xiaolong. In addition to the introduction of new cars, Feng Mu, president of Great Wall Motor, launched the "Five Questions of the Soul" on the spot. In addition to expounding the current situation of China’s automobile market and the development prospect of Haval brand, Feng Mu also pointed out the bad practices of disrupting the market, such as friends raising the water army and worrying product quality, saying that some car companies regard "controlling public opinion as the primary productivity" and even commented that some car companies "won sales and lost the bottom line"

Guangqi Honda Accord (replacement) is another popular model this month, which was officially launched on May 20th. As an old-fashioned best-selling model, the new car was widely discussed and paid attention to during the listing period, and "brand-new" and "intelligence" were the main communication points.

Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi brand continues to maintain the new strength and communication potential of "new cars every month".

During the listing of Chuanqi E9, Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi 4S stores all over the country, with today’s headlines, knowing the car emperor and car home as the main positions, made a lot of momentum. The marketing text is short, matched with key words of product characteristics, emphasizing electricity and oil, four-fold luxury gifts and so on. Reflect saving and highlight preferential treatment.

02

Pre-sale release list: two brand-new models were officially unveiled, and Musa’s publicity momentum was strong.

In addition to the listed models, the models pre-sold and unveiled in May are mainly medium/large SUVs. Fuel vehicles account for 60%. There are two brand-new models, namely Beijing Hyundai Mussa and JAC Yttrium 3. Most of the other models were changed in the medium term.

On May 17th, MUFASA, a brand-new compact SUV product of Beijing Hyundai, officially announced its Chinese name-Musa, and started the pre-sale. Musa spread strongly, and "smart two rooms and one living room on board" was its main propaganda point.

On May 20th, the global pre-sale conference of Yttrium 3, an intelligent pure electric car of Jiangqi Group, was held in Hangzhou. Yttrium 3 (brand new) is Jianghuai Yttrium’s first intelligent pure electric vehicle. The new car is positioned as a pure electric small car with a pre-sale price of 97,900 yuan, focusing on "space, battery life and safety".

03

Observation on the launch of new cars this month

Enter the hall! Stars help out

Chuanqi E9 conference site: held in the Great Hall of the People, Zhang Yue, general manager of Guangzhou Automobile Passenger Car, explained the whole process, and sports star Su Bingtian helped out …

Combined with selling points, multi-scene layout

Bao Junyue also released the conference site: multiple scenes fit different product points of Bao Junyue, such as outdoor cross-country, modified life, intelligent driving, etc., so that the audience can understand the products more intuitively …

Senior executives go into battle together and explain in sections.

Haval Xiaolong conference site: Feng Mu, president of Great Wall Motor, and Qiao Xinyu, executive deputy general manager of Haval brand, respectively took the stage to explain …

Accord conference site: Li Jin, director of Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd., and Xiao Zhihui, general manager of the four-wheel development center of Honda Technical Research Industry Co., Ltd., took the stage to explain respectively.

Song ProD M-i conference site: Lu Tian, general manager of BYD Dynasty Network Sales Division, and Yu Yang, product manager of BYD Dynasty Network Sales Division, respectively took the stage to explain.

Editor’s lead: Recently, Tik Tok launched a web version. This update has caused a lot of heated discussion. Some people cheered for the addition of an artifact to fishing at work, while others complained that the web version of Tik Tok was too crude in design and functional experience, which was inconvenient to use. So, why did Tik Tok do this?

A few days ago, on June 21, Tik Tok officially launched the pc web version, and Aauto Quicker also launched the web version a long time ago, but it was relatively low-key. Wechat also launched its efforts on the pc version recently, whether it was at the entrance of the online circle of friends on the PC version, it was even more powerful. It can be seen that more and more platforms have returned to the original, and more and more attention has been paid to the PC side. It can also be seen that the competition between mobile terminals has become fierce. For the extension of the scene, the PC side has once again ignited a war and become a.

Specifically, in the field of short video, in the past year, both Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker, bilibili, WeChat video number and other platforms launched fierce attacks in the field of short video and live broadcast. Especially in the field of live e-commerce, all short video platforms regard live e-commerce as the focus of commercialization in the future. So what is the purpose of launching PC web version in Tik Tok this time, and where is the short video platform to wait for the way out?

From the screenshot above, do you find that the Tik Tok web version is very similar to bilibili? Of course, this is the most superficial feeling, but from this point, we can also see why Tik Tok entered the pc version.

As can be seen from the screenshot, most of the videos in the pc version are medium-sized videos over 1 minute, and many of them are horizontal videos. It is not difficult to see that the main scene of video recommendation in the web version is to meet the user’s demand for medium and long videos. After all, watching the horizontal version on the computer side is more experience.

Different from Aauto Quicker’s web version, many short videos on Aauto Quicker’s web version are still vertical screens, and the viewing experience is similar to that of the mobile terminal. However, Aauto Quicker does not classify according to the video tag area, but according to the types of short videos, live broadcasts, long videos, small theaters and movies, which is quite different from Tik Tok’s classification.

In my opinion, the layout of long videos, especially the web version, has provided new channels for office workers to fish, and in essence, it is more to seize the user’s time. Judging from the data released by Tik Tok before, the peak usage of Tik Tok app is at 12 noon and 19-21 pm, so it can be found that the long low peak periods are during working hours. For the fishing party, Tik Tok certainly hopes to compete for the usage time of this group of people. On the other hand,

In fact, we can find this reason from the speech of the relevant person in charge of Tik Tok: "With the video-based creative expression becoming a daily life, Tik Tok has accumulated contents in different fields, and many professors and schools have also published knowledge and teaching contents on Tik Tok, which are often mainly horizontal screens and generally last more than 5 minutes, which is more suitable for viewing and consumption on the web version."

No matter any product, its launch is actually based on the three dimensions of users, scenarios and needs. Under the condition of meeting the different needs of users in different scenarios, it is the best solution to meet the company’s strategy and commercialization goals.

Another is that users in the web version can interact more easily. Here, it mainly refers to the form of barrage. The vertical comments on Tik Tok app are all put away, while the web version can make comments into barrage, so that users can interact better with up owners and users, and the atmosphere is better.

On the other hand, the web version also supports creators to publish videos. Many professional editors and mcn organizations use professional computer software to edit, and then send them to mobile phones after editing, and upload them again on Tik Tok app. Now Tik Tok supports publishing videos directly on the computer version, so it is more convenient for creators who use computer editing to publish videos, and the path is shorter and the experience is better.

Here are three commercial conjectures of Tik Tok layout web version:Pan-knowledge, live broadcast square, search,Let’s focus on why there are these three conjectures.

First of all, let’s look at the pan-knowledge field. It can be clearly seen from the speeches made by the relevant person in charge in Tik Tok. Many knowledge bloggers, schools, professors and creators in professional fields have released many knowledge-based videos, and a lot of pan-knowledge content has been accumulated in Tik Tok, which is more suitable for viewing on the web version.

Here you can see a data,In bilibili, as of May this year, more than 78 million users were studying on bilibili, accounting for 35% of the monthly life.From social sciences, humanities and history to science popularization and even health fields, the pan-knowledge videos on bilibili are widely welcomed by users, and among the 985 and 211 college students in China, bilibili’s penetration rate has reached 82%. Tik Tok certainly wants to seize such high-quality users.

Therefore, Tik Tok’s web version must be aimed at pan-knowledge videos, hoping to catch this part of users. In addition to making efforts on medium-and long-term knowledge videos, I think Tik Tok is aiming at the adult education market in the next bigger game, namely online education in the workplace.

Secondly, look at the live broadcast. The live broadcast is mainly aimed at three directions, one is live broadcast on the show, which is the reward mode, the other is live broadcast with goods, aiming at the direction of e-commerce, and the third is live broadcast of games. What I want to seize is platforms such as tiger teeth, fighting fish and penguin e-sports. Why do you want to launch live broadcast on the web version? The main reason is that the live broadcast on the web version has a larger screen and is easier to classify.

At present, several labels in Tik Tok include the classification of live broadcast. If we look closely, we will find that most of the live broadcasts on the current web pages are game-based live broadcasts, which coincides with my guess. The main target is the game market. Besides the live game scenes, we can also look forward to two steps. I think we will definitely aim at the release and distribution of games, and we can wait and see.

The last one is search. The headline has launched a search platform before. Why did I say that Tik Tok is also targeting the search market?

Here, the person in charge of them actually mentioned that there are a lot of high-quality content in Tik Tok, and many users are used to using Tik Tok to search when they have questions, especially some tutorial content, and the video is more intuitive and easy to understand. Although it is said that it wants to improve the user’s search experience, in the case of satisfying users’ search, search is actually a recognized commercial model. Search feed streams are inserted into advertisements, and hot search lists are also a big advertising space. Besides advertisements, the biggest purpose is actually to seize the search market.

Although Tik Tok has launched a web version at present, its function is still relatively rough compared with that of Tik Tok app: it is unable to view the concerned bloggers, the viewing experience is poor, there is no barrage, it is impossible to watch continuously, and the video classification is insufficient.

Generally speaking, Tik Tok has once again taken a step in the layout of medium and long videos. I don’t know if Aauto Quicker, bilibili and Youaiteng will be more worried when they see this news. As users, of course, they hope to have healthy competition among major platforms and bring better experience and content to users.

Harryli, WeChat WeChat official account: Notes of Harry Li, everyone is a product manager columnist. 3 years of product experience, mainly focusing on mutual funds, new retail and other fields, as well as industry hotspots related products and operational content.

This article was originally published by everyone as a product manager, and it is forbidden to reprint without permission.

The title map comes from Pexels and is based on CC0 protocol.