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　　Print shops in colleges and universities hoard hundreds of pirated textbooks.

　　College textbooks are priced higher, and students can save half the money by buying photocopied textbooks. Copy shops have become the focus of many publishers’ rights protection.

　　In February, the National Office for Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications, in conjunction with five departments, issued the Notice on Launching Special Governance Actions for Universities and Their Surrounding Copy Stores in Some Key Cities, requiring 40 key cities across the country to severely crack down on piracy and copy activities in universities and their surrounding copy shops, so as to curb the growing trend of campus piracy. Beijing, where universities gather, has also been included in the list of special governance this year.

　　What are the reasons for the widespread popularity of copying teaching materials? Beijing Youth Daily reporter recently visited copying shops around many universities in Beijing, and found that most shops are still openly undertaking the business of "privately customized" copying teaching materials, and even some shops have hundreds of electronic textbooks in their computers, and the "class" group buying business has been raging. Because of the hidden operation of the store, the difficulty in obtaining evidence and the unclear legal boundary, the business activities of the copy shops around the university are still on the verge of supervision.

　　visit

　　Copy shops hoard "group purchase" electronic textbooks, and the business is booming.

　　On the morning of March 10th, the reporter of Beiqing Daily came to the printing shop in a comprehensive service center for college students and said, "Boss, a group of postgraduate students want to copy and print some textbooks." Without asking what the book was, the shopkeeper promised, "Just bring the book. If there is no book, it is ok to have an electronic version, a Word file or a Pdf file. 2 cents per page, 1 cent if there is more — — They are all bound for you. "

　　Only one of the photocopiers and printers in this shop is working. "I was very busy when I first started school, but I am already busy now." The owner said. The reporter of Beiqing Daily saw that there were three "teaching materials" printed and bound on A4 paper on the windowsill, namely "Latest English Course for Science and Technology", "Information Systems Essentials" and "Liu Wei IELTS Speaking". The second book is in English, and the inside page shows that it was edited and published by an American university; The third book is actually a handout from an English training institution in China. The owner told the reporter that these three books were printed by students before, "I made an extra copy and put it here for whom."

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily visited the copy shops around many universities in Haidian, which are mostly distributed near the canteens and teaching buildings in the student living quarters. On average, there are at least six or seven print shops in a school. Most of the small shops are only three or four square meters. When it comes to recess and rest, the small shops are packed with students coming and going, and there are many students who come to copy the teaching materials. The reporter looked at it, and some copied textbooks, and some copied Chinese and foreign reference books borrowed from the library. Upon reporter’s inquiry, these stores can undertake the business of copying teaching materials. Most of them are printed on both sides at a price of 10 cents each, bound in 2 yuan, with 4-5 cents for double-sided copying and 10 cents for single-sided copying. If the quantity is large, you can get a discount. If you want to install the cover, you can add 2 yuan. There are also price concessions for large quantities.

　　In a copy shop of another university, a big red advertisement of "Printing and Copying Textbooks" is posted at the door, and a bibliography of university public courses such as "15-year history outline, military theory, comprehensive English listening and speaking, advanced B (Part II)" is also posted on the wall. There is Yin Gao, a half-meter-high semi-finished English pronunciation practice manual for freshmen, beside the printer, and there is "Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press" on the copyright page. The staff admitted that this is a "list" for class group purchase. "You should make a list, write down the title of the book to be printed, and then indicate how many copies of each book to print, and then write down your name and contact number, so that we won’t make a mistake — — This is what other classes do. "

　　Pointing to a stack of blue-covered photocopied "teaching materials", the store owner said that these are the best-selling teaching materials posted on the wall, and there are more than a dozen books that have not been sold out in batch print this school season. "When business is good, hundreds of people come to the store to queue up to buy textbooks every day, and many of them send class cadres to buy them. In order to save time, the commonly used textbooks and teaching materials are simply scanned into electronic versions for printing and copying. " When the reporter of Beiqing Daily asked if it was possible to copy the History of China News Communication, the store readily turned on the computer to help search for the electronic version of the book. The folder named "Customer Information" contained hundreds of electronic versions of teaching materials, mostly PDF-based. "The reason why our store is popular is also because the public courses and professional books are complete."

　　In the survey, most of the staff of various printing shops said that they had not heard of the policy news to be inspected in the near future for the time being. "The business of copying books has been done for many years, and I have never heard of it." A student from a university in Beijing told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that in the past, the print shop in the school would sell some printed textbooks to students at the beginning of the school year, but since last semester, this phenomenon has been "rare". Some shopkeepers also responded that if students bring books or electronic books to the store for copying, they will print them as required and stop selling them in batches because "hoarding goods is easy to lose money".

　　survey

　　Student: Buying a copy of a textbook can save more than half of the money compared with a new book.

　　The students interviewed at random explained the reasons for the popularity of copying textbooks. On the one hand, except for higher vocational colleges and private colleges, many colleges and universities in Beijing do not uniformly subscribe for textbooks when freshmen enter school, and students have the initiative to buy textbooks themselves. On the other hand, books bought from printing shops are cheaper than genuine new books, and the printing quality is good, so copying textbooks is naturally favored by everyone. The pirated books in these print shops will be more popular if there are notes left by previous students.

　　"Some original textbooks are too expensive. If you buy a printed version from a print shop, it will generally cost more than 10 yuan; Moreover, some books have the key points drawn by seniors and sisters, and you can help yourself review them before the exam. I feel that buying such books is quite cost-effective. " A student who has purchased printed textbooks many times told the reporter of Beiqing Daily.

　　Take the textbook History of Journalism and Communication in China published by Renmin University of China Press, which has 404 pages and is priced at 45 yuan. If you copy at the price of 5 cents a page in the store, a copy of teaching materials can save more than half of the money than buying new books. According to the rough statistics of the reporter of Beiqing Daily, after four years of undergraduate study, if dozens of specialized course textbooks are copied, a student can save nearly 1,000 yuan in textbook purchase fees.

　　Print shop: The monthly income from copying textbooks is nearly 10,000.

　　According to reports, last spring, the Higher Education Society visited 27 colleges and universities in 7 provincial capital cities and the surrounding copy shops, and found that most of the business of these copy shops thought that students copied books. Not only that, these stores will scan public course books, professional course books and best-selling books according to the curriculum and examination time, archive the electronic files of the copied books, provide students with optional bibliographies for copying, and bind them into books after output as needed, forming an industrial chain of "arranging", printing and loading. This leads to another question: how much profit can the business of copying teaching materials in university print shops bring to businesses? Take "Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s Theoretical System (Revised Edition 2010)" published by Higher Education Press as an example. The text of this book has 398 pages, 25 prints, and the price is 23 yuan, with an average of 0.92 yuan/print. According to the calculation of 4 page numbers of each copy in the copy shop, the whole volume is copied at 0.05 yuan/face, and the price of the whole book is 10 yuan, which is equivalent to 4.4 fold of the genuine price. Excluding the cost of manpower, consumables and rent, the actual profit of each textbook can be maintained around 3 yuan by copying a single textbook.

　　During the visit, many stores in Haidian also revealed to the reporter of Beiqing Daily that in addition to receiving copying orders on campus, they will also solicit batch copying services from other universities and teaching units through QQ online. A staff member of a copy shop explained, "There are also some customers from middle schools, educational institutions and even trans-regions who come to us to print teaching AIDS. The monthly income from copying textbooks alone is almost 10,000. "

　　core

　　Teaching materials are necessities, and market-oriented pricing is difficult for students.

　　It has been suggested that the high price of university textbooks is an important reason for the prosperity of campus copy managers. So, is the pricing of genuine university textbooks reasonable? The reporter of Beiqing Daily browsed the prices of some textbooks in Tsinghua University Textbook Center, and found that few textbooks are below 20 yuan, most of which are priced between 20 yuan and 50 yuan, and some are above 50 yuan. The staff of a famous university publishing house in Haidian responded, "The university textbooks in China are not expensive. The price of a 300-page textbook with ordinary binding is almost 20-30 yuan. Compared with the pricing of hundreds of RMB in foreign university textbooks, this price is really not expensive."

　　He also said that the publishing house had received complaints from university professors, saying that many students took copies of textbooks in class, and the textbooks in this class were written by themselves. "If all students use photocopied textbooks, the hard work of the editors will not be respected, let alone protect their legitimate rights and interests."

　　However, college students have another feeling about whether textbooks are expensive. Compared with primary and secondary school textbooks priced by the government, university textbooks, which are also necessities, are much more expensive. The reporter of Beiqing Daily searched online for the price of a complete set of textbooks (color version) of compulsory mathematics in senior high school. There are five books in this set, covering three years in senior high school, and the total price is 42.3 yuan. However, the price of college students majoring in mathematics and statistics who only buy the genuine textbooks of advanced mathematics has surpassed that of 80 yuan, nearly twice as high. Compared with senior high schools, there are many specialized courses and public compulsory courses in universities, and there are usually twenty or thirty courses in a four-year academic system. The interviewed engineering junior boys told reporters that the cost of ordering new textbooks in the first school year spent 800 yuan. "When we first went to college, we all bought new textbooks, which was really much more expensive than high school. Later, when we were sophomore and junior, we bought second-hand books from our brothers and sisters." However, because many graduates still want to keep professional books, the second-hand teaching materials they can buy are usually limited to public courses such as politics and English, so copying teaching materials has become the way for the students and classmates to buy.

　　Copying teaching materials is still in the marginal zone of supervision

　　In order to further clarify the supervision status of print shops in colleges and universities, the reporter of Beiqing Daily recently called the Legal Supervision Office of Beijing Cultural Law Enforcement Corps and asked whether "copying and selling textbooks in large quantities on campus is within its supervision scope". The staff said that the cultural administrative law enforcement department has conditions for filing a case, and we will not intervene before filing a case. "As you have reflected, it is necessary to analyze the specific situation. There is no certain amount and scale of reprinting and conclusive sales evidence. Generally, the copyright owner and the publishing house come forward to negotiate with the copy shop. When talking about the conditions for filing a case, she also said that the first is to confirm the infringement, and the second is to violate the public interest. For example, piracy and reprinting violate the relevant national laws and regulations.

　　What attitude does the school take towards the printing shop’s copying of teaching materials? The teacher of the Logistics Department of a science and engineering college in Haidian replied that most of these print shops in the school are self-operated and only rent the school place, and the Logistics Department often reminds the print shop owners to abide by relevant laws and regulations to prevent them from pirating and selling books in batches. "The school will continue to work hard in this regard. On the one hand, it will strengthen the management of print shops on campus, and on the other hand, it will remind students to use formal textbooks and consciously resist piracy." The staff said.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily also learned from the anti-piracy alliance of Beijing 15th Society that the copy shops around the campus have become the focus of many publishers’ rights protection. However, in their daily work, they found that there are also "blind spots" in the handling of infringement of copy shops. For example, most copy shops only copy the text of books, and when binding, they are accompanied by a cover that only prints the title of the book, omitting the publishing unit, author and trademark of the original book. Even if law enforcement officers find the copied finished products, there is no way to obtain the copyright information of the copies to clarify the infringed objects. Secondly, the owner of the copy shop is very vigilant, and generally does not put a large number of copied finished products on the counter, which makes it very difficult for the right holder to defend his rights and the law enforcement department to investigate and deal with it. This group/reporter Liu Xu Lei Jia Wang Xiaoyun

　　Experts say

　　Copying officially published books and selling them constitute infringement.

　　Does it constitute infringement for students to copy textbooks in batches and other officially published books and buy pirated books in copy shops? What kind of tort liability should a copy shop bear if it infringes? In this regard, the reporter of Beiqing Daily interviewed Zhao Zhanling, a special researcher at the Intellectual Property Center of China University of Political Science and Law.

　　Zhao Zhanling said that the Copyright Law stipulates that "translating or copying a few published works for school classroom teaching or scientific research for teaching or scientific research, but not publishing and distributing" belongs to the category of fair use, and copying textbooks and other books by students and teachers for personal study and research purposes does not constitute infringement, nor does a copy shop. However, if a copy shop copies books by itself and sells them to customers for profit, it constitutes infringement.

　　How many copies of a book constitute infringement? In Zhao Zhanling’s view, although there is no specific provision in the Copyright Law, as long as a printing shop copies books for profit, it constitutes infringement, which has nothing to do with the amount of copying. Zhao Zhanling also said that whether copying paper books or printing electronic versions of books such as Word and PDF, as long as they are printed, this constitutes infringement.

　　Regarding the legal responsibility that the printing shop should bear, Zhao Zhanling said that this constitutes a civil infringement, and the copy shop should stop the infringement and compensate the obligee for the losses if it has the above acts. "The copy shop is a self-employed small shop, and it is difficult to determine how much loss has been caused by the obligee, but it can be compensated according to the income from infringement." Zhao Zhanling believes that because the books copied by the printing shops are scattered, it is difficult for publishers and authors to give evidence when defending their rights, which makes publishers and authors not pursue this in law too much.

　　Zhao Zhanling also suggested that the internal managers of colleges and universities can take relevant measures to manage the copy shops on campus, and students should also enhance their legal awareness, and only use the copied books for their own study and not sell them externally. Text/reporter Li Mengting

China Consumer News reported (Su Bingjie, reporter Geng Ji ‘an): "Since I bought this BYD Qin hybrid car, there have been constant problems, and I went to the 4S shop for repair at two ends every three days." Recently, Mr. Ren, a consumer in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, told the reporter of China Consumer News that more than a dozen BYD car owners had the same experience. What kind of problem is it that makes car owners so upset? The reporter of China Consumer News launched an investigation.

It’s annoying to buy a new car

Mr. Ren told reporters that at the end of April 2016, he went to Shenzhen and bought BYD Qin 2014 (BYD7150WTHEV2) hybrid car that he had been paying attention to for a long time at Shenzhen Jinhuanyi 4S store. When the pure electric mileage reached more than 3,000 kilometers, Mr. Ren found that his car had a "disease"-when the throttle was increased, the engine would have an abnormal sound. The staff of the 4S shop told Mr. Ren that if the engine needs to be replaced for renovation, the bearings should also be replaced. Because the abnormal noise was not very loud at that time, Mr. Ren gave up the idea of maintenance.

The good times didn’t last long. In October 2016, Mr. Ren’s car "relapsed" and it was more serious than before. Mr. Ren told the reporter that in pure electric mode, when the vehicle speed is kept at about 30 km/h, the vehicle with the accelerator pedal will be "frustrated", and at the same time, the engine compartment will make an abnormal noise. With the increase of driving mileage, the "frustrated" and abnormal noise will become louder and louder. Mr. Ren sent the car to BYD authorized service shop for testing, and the result was that there was something wrong with the motor transmission assembly. After replacing the transmission sub-assembly, when the mileage of the car increased by more than 3000 kilometers in pure electric mode, "frustration" and abnormal sound appeared again.

What bothers Mr. Ren is that the old car disease has not been treated and new diseases have been added. With the increase of mileage, Mr. Ren found that when the vehicle is fully charged, it can only last for more than 40 kilometers in pure electric mode. "When I bought a car, BYD claimed that it could charge 13 kWh. However, the new car can only charge 10-11 kWh when it is fully charged, and it can only charge 8-9 kWh when it is used for less than two years. BYD claims that in pure electric mode, the cruising range of the vehicle under comprehensive working conditions can reach 70 kilometers, and now it can only travel for more than 40 kilometers. " Mr. Ren told reporters.

Complaints are not a case.

According to the investigation by the reporter of China Consumer News, there are 11 car owners who can get in touch with Mr. Ren in a similar situation. They all bought BYD Qin’s 2014 1.5T flagship version, and the vehicles all had different degrees of "frustration" and abnormal noise. The problem still exists after four car owners have changed the transmission. Six people reported that the vehicle’s full battery life was less than 45 kilometers.

Mr. Zhang, the owner of Sanmenxia City, told the reporter that in less than three years, he has replaced two transmissions, and the problem remains unsolved.

Mr. Ren said that many owners of BYD Qin all over the country have reported such problems in their vehicles, and even more vehicles lost power due to transmission failure during driving, which was bad on the road.

According to official public information of BYD, the charging capacity of Ferrous lithium phosphate power battery used by BYD Qin is 13kw/h, 90% of the system uses pure electric mode in hybrid mode, and the driving mileage under comprehensive working conditions can reach 70km.

In response to the problems reflected by consumers, the reporter of China Consumer News called BYD’s official customer service number for consultation. BYD staff said that the battery capacity drop and abnormal noise are technical problems and need to be tested at local authorized stores. For the case that the vehicle has a battery life of less than 70km in pure electric mode, the staff said that the battery life of 70km in pure electric mode is the test data under comprehensive working conditions, and the specific battery life has a certain relationship with the road conditions, climate conditions, driving conditions, temperature, load, electrical appliance use, etc. It is suggested that the owner contact the authorized point designated by the manufacturer and said that this situation will be fed back to the relevant departments of the company.

Mr. Ren told the reporter that after discovering that there was a problem with the vehicle, he had a BYD authorized service shop for testing, and the results showed that it was normal. The tester explained that the abnormal noise might be caused by driving habits. "If only one person has this problem, it can be explained in this way, but is it because of driving habits that more than a dozen people have the same problem? I can’t accept this explanation. I have contacted 4S stores and manufacturers many times, but I have never been able to get a reasonable explanation. " Mr. Ren said.

● Expert opinion

Suspected of false propaganda

On April 13th, Zhao Jiqiang, secretary general of Henan Automobile Industry Chamber of Commerce, told reporters that the development of new energy vehicles is still in its infancy, the technical level is still restricted, and the industry standards are not standardized and unified. The technology of battery industry is still in the stage of civilian development. At present, the detection of battery capacity used in automobiles is not standardized. There are differences between real electricity and virtual electricity in batteries, and there will be errors between conversion. BYD, as an automobile manufacturer that independently develops batteries, has its own battery testing institutions and standards. As for whether BYD’s battery capacity has a false standard, it can only be known by testing the battery capacity by the authoritative testing organization of the state. However, from the time when the vehicle can charge 13 kWh to the later 8-9 kWh, it shows that the melting capacity of the battery has changed when charging, and there may be problems with the quality of the battery, which will affect the endurance of the car to a certain extent.

Ge Rui, a lawyer of Henan Haoying Law Firm, believes that if the problems reflected by the car owners are true after being tested by the appraisal agency, then BYD’s publicity will violate Article 9 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law. "Operators shall not use advertisements or other methods to make misleading false propaganda on the quality, ingredients, performance, use, producer, expiration date and place of origin of the goods, and advertising operators shall not represent, design, produce and publish false advertisements under the circumstances of knowing or should know. If the owner can collect the evidence of fraudulent propaganda of BYD manufacturers, he can ask the merchants to "return one and lose three" according to the provisions of the Consumer Protection Law.

Li Hansheng, director of the Complaints Department of Henan Consumers Association, said in an interview with China Consumer News that Henan Consumers Association has received 12 complaints about abnormal sound of BYD Qin series vehicles, and manufacturers should consider recalling defective cars and eliminating the defects of automobile products through measures such as repair, replacement and return. At present, Henan Consumers Association has communicated and discussed with BYD Henan institutions for many times, instructing Yadi manufacturers to work out detailed solutions to the problem of abnormal sound that consumers have concentrated on.

China Consumer News will continue to pay attention to the progress of the incident. (Geng Ji ‘an)

China news agency, Shanghai, November 25 th: Chinese and foreign scholars say cultural relics: capturing the "bright spot" of China culture in artifacts

China News Service reporter Wang Wei Kang Yuzhan

The World Congress on China Studies and the Shanghai Forum were held at the Shanghai International Conference Center from 23rd to 24th. At a sub-forum held on 24th, Wang Chunfa, director of the National Museum of China, presented a precious cultural relic in the museum-bronze rhinoceros statue with gold, silver and moire patterns in the Western Han Dynasty, from which he realized the unique charm of Chinese civilization.

This statue is in the shape of a rhinoceros, with its head held high and its eyes inlaid with black beads, which is the image of Sumen rhinoceros who lived in China in ancient times; The whole object is decorated with staggered gold and silver moire as thin as hairspring, which is exquisite and gorgeous, and it can be called a fine bronze ware in the Han Dynasty. The bronze statue made of animals shows the concept of harmony between man and nature and the nature of Taoism in ancient China.

"This precious cultural relic not only vividly narrates the past, but also profoundly affects the present and the future, enlightening us to respect history, respect our predecessors, respect nature and protect the environment." Wang Chunfa said that human knowledge is accumulated through exploration from generation to generation, and it should be passed down from generation to generation. Chinese and foreign scholars are welcome to the National Museum of China to feel the moving place of the bronze rhinoceros statue with wrong gold, silver and moire.

What are the China cultural relics that foreign scholars are interested in? In the face of a reporter’s question from China News Service, Han Yili, a former associate professor in the Literature Department of Moscow Humanities University, made a list on the spot-Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronzes, silk books of Mawangdui … Some of them were related to the topic of Zhouyi he studied, and the other part was out of his personal interest.

In Han Yili’s view, the importance of ancient cultural relics and historical documents lies in helping people truly understand the ancient world outlook and living conditions. Compared with some subjectively recorded words, real artifacts can reflect a period of history more intuitively. "Many cities in China have their own museums, so that everyone can learn history and experience culture from ancient artifacts. How to better protect cultural relics and inherit culture is where we should learn from China. "

Yi Xin, an international student from Shanghai University in Mexico, immediately thought of blue and white porcelain. "I found that China’s blue and white porcelain is very similar to some artifacts I saw in Mexico. Later, I read the literature to know that these artifacts really came from China. Exploring how these artifacts arrived in Mexico from China and looking for connections between different cultures made me feel very interesting. "

Yi Xin told reporters that China has a long history and China culture has many "bright spots", which let her know the real China from different angles. "We will not stop exploring China, because there are many things worth studying here." (End)